华南荔枝园土壤 pH状况及荔枝生长适宜的土壤 pH

针对我国土壤酸化普遍、华南土壤酸性较强的问题，研究华南荔枝园土壤 pH状况，并进一步探讨荔枝生长最适 pH，为荔枝园土壤 pH改良的程度和范围提供理论依据和数据支持。采集华南荔枝主产区 458个荔枝园土壤样本，研究比较主产区土壤 pH状况。另外，采集华南典型荔枝园赤红壤(pH 4.20)，以不添加改良剂为对照，添加硫磺(0.5g·kg -1)和不同用量石灰(0.5、1、2、4g·kg -1)调节土壤pH，形成6个土壤 pH处理，进行 120 d土壤培养和 300 d荔枝盆栽试验，研究土壤 pH对土壤性质及荔枝生长的影响。华南荔枝园土壤 pH在3.85～ 7.82之间，平均为 4.64，整体为酸性，其中以广西荔枝园土壤总体酸性最强。强酸性、酸性、弱酸性、中性和弱碱性荔枝园分别占45.7%、48.0%、5.0%、1.1%和0.2%。培养试验表明，土壤 pH在 3.84～ 8.03范围内，碱解氮、速效钾、有效镁含量及脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤 pH呈显著负相关，有效磷、钙和铜与 pH为显著正相关，有效锌、铁和锰与 pH关系不密切。盆栽试验显示，施用 1 g·kg -1石灰处理荔枝叶片光合作用强，不同时期叶片数、叶面积、茎粗均不同程度高于其他处理，收获时生物量增量及增幅也显著高于其他处理。初步认为荔枝生长适宜的土壤 pH为 5.03。如土壤 pH ≤ 4.64或 ≥ 6.46，荔枝生长显著变差。如以 pH为 5.03作为最适宜的土壤 pH来初步衡量，则华南有 62.0%的荔枝园土壤 pH可能显著抑制荔枝生长，pH需提高平均 0.68个单位。这表明华南荔枝园土壤 pH改良任务十分迫切。     

不同施肥方式对设施番茄生理指标和品质的影响

以"粉太郎"番茄为试材,采用日光温室微区试验,设置5个不同施肥处理,即50％化肥N+50％有机肥N+改良剂组(HYG)、50％化肥N+50％有机肥N组(HY)、100％有机肥N组(Y)、100％化肥N组(H)和不施肥处理组(CK),研究了不同施肥方式对设施番茄生长、光合作用及品质的影响,以期为设施土壤提高番茄产量和合理施肥提供参考依据.结果 表明:HYG处理的根系总长度、总表面积、总体积、根尖数、平均直径和根干质量等性状表现上优于其它处理,表现为HYG＞Y＞HY＞H＞CK,与常规施肥(H处理)相比分别高出41.75％、39.57％、137.80％、60.66％、33.33％和49.65％;果实的可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白质含量也高于其它处理,与CK相比增加了7.26％和44.76％,果实中总酸含量得到了显著降低;同时番茄叶片的蒸腾速率、净光合速率、气孔导度和叶绿素含量的值也显著高于其它处理,并显著降低了胞间CO2浓度.因此,该试验条件下,采用50％化肥N+50％有机肥N+改良剂处理,能够促进设施番茄植株的生长,增强其光合作用及提高其品质.     

Effects of apelin-13 on oxidative stress induced by high uric acid in adipocytes

AIM: To study the effects of apelin-13 on oxidative stress induced by high uric acid in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with uric acid at 10 mg/dL for 48 h. Some of the adipocytes were administered with 1 μmol/L apelin-13 in the presence of uric acid at 10 mg/dL. The adipocytes stimulated with 100 μmol/L H₂O₂ were served as positive controls. The intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations were detected by flow cytometry. The biochemical kits were used to measure the activities of superotide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activity, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell lysate and the supernatant. The mRNA levels of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components, including angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyrne1 (ACE1), angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and AT2R, as well as angiotensin II receptor -like 1 (APJ) were measured by real-time PCR. The concentrations of angiotensin II (AngⅡ) in the cell lysate and the supernatant were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Adipocytes stimulated with uric acid at 10 mg/dL had lower activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH-PX and CAT) and higher levels of NOX activity and MDA content (P < 0.05). Accordingly, the intracellular ROS levels were found to be dramatically increased. However, apelin-13 administration attenuated uric acid-induced oxidative stress in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Uric acid at 10 mg/dL upregulated the mRNA expression of local RAS, enhanced AngⅡ concentrations both in the cell lysate and the supernatant, and down-regulated the mRNA level of APJ in the adipocytes (P < 0.05). Conversely, apelin-13 partially reversed these parameters. CONCLUSION: Apelin-13 attenuates oxidative stress induced by uric acid, may be via down-regulation of local RAS expression in the 3T3-L1 adipocytes.     

ROCK promotes high glucose-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhi-biting PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

AIMTo investigate whether Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) is involved in high glucose-induced apoptosis of primary cardiomyocytes by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. METHODSPrimary Wistar rat cardiomyocytes were cultured and identified by α-sarcomeric actin (α-SCA) immunohistochemistry. Cardiomyocytes were treated with 5.5, 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. The cell viability was measured by MTT assay, and the mRNA expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in the cardiomyocytes was detected by RT-qPCR. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes. The protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blot. In order to confirm the regulatory effect of ROCKs on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, the cells were divided into control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose), high glucose group (33 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose+Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) group. Western blot was used to detect the protein levels of ROCK1, ROCK2, PI3K, Akt and p-Akt. RESULTSAfter 48 h of high glucose exposure, the values of relative cell viability in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were (79.71±2.43)% and (68.41±7.49)%, respectively, both of which were significantly decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). After 48 h of high glucose exposure, the relative mRNA levels of ROCK1 and ROCK2 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups were significantly increased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the apoptotic rate in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, the protein expression of ROCK1, ROCK2 and cleaved caspase-3 in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was increased (P<0.05), while the protein expression of Bcl-2 was decreased (P<0.05). No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed, while the protein level of p-Akt in 33 and 40 mmol/L glucose groups was decreased compared with normal control group (P<0.05). Compared with high glucose group, the expression of ROCK1 and ROCK2 was decreased in high glucose+Y27632 group. No significant difference in the protein levels of PI3K and Akt among the 3 groups was observed. Compared with normal control group, the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose group was decreased, and the protein level of p-Akt in high glucose+Y27632 group was increased significantly compared with high glucose group. CONCLUSION Under high glucose environment, ROCK may reduce the level of p-Akt by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway， thus promoting the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.     

Y-S-Y12发酵液和生物质热解液混配对辣椒炭疽病的防治及作用机理

为探究解淀粉芽孢杆菌Y-S-Y12拮抗菌发酵液和生物质热解液混配对辣椒炭疽病的协同防病作用及其作用机理，对不同浓度生物质热解液、拮抗细菌Y-S-Y12菌株的发酵浓缩液及其混配溶液对辣椒炭疽病的抑菌作用进行检测，计算出毒力方程，根据EC50值将两种溶液进行混配，求得最佳配比。通过活体试验检测Y-S-Y12菌株对辣椒炭疽病果实的防治效果，测定叶片超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD)、过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）和过氧化氢酶（hydrogen peroxidase，CAT）活性，并探究各药剂对辣椒炭疽病病菌菌丝的细胞膜通透性、生理代谢和菌丝形态的影响。结果显示，Y-S-Y12菌株发酵浓缩液和生物质热解液以1∶9混配具有明显的协同增效作用;混配的防效显著高于单剂，防效达到79.62%，进一步说明混配具有增效作用。混剂处理的辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝中的几丁质酶活性、β-1,3-葡聚糖酶活性和蛋白酶活性显著高于对照和单剂处理，处理后菌体的保护屏障被打破，使培养液的电导率、外渗液中蛋白质和核酸含量上升。混剂处理的辣椒叶片中SOD、POD、CAT酶活性显著高于对照和单剂处理，说明辣椒植株抗病性增强。综上，Y-S-Y12菌株发酵液和生物质热解液混配对辣椒炭疽病有协同防病作用，可能是因为Y-S-Y12菌株具有破坏辣椒炭疽病菌菌丝和诱导辣椒植株抗病性作用。研究为辣椒炭疽病无公害防治提供理论依据。     

含刚性沉水植物明渠水流结构的试验研究

【目的】得到含刚性沉水植物明渠的水流结构。【方法】采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV),用有机玻璃棒模拟刚性植物,在不同来水流量、植物密度条件下对明渠水流结构进行了试验研究。【结果】无植物时平均流速沿垂向呈对数分布规律,有植物时则呈现明显的分区分布特性。无植物时紊动强度值沿垂向变化不大,有植物时在植物顶端位置处紊动最剧烈。流量或植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的流速梯度就越大,植物层上方的流速最大值也越大。植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的紊动强度越大,植物密度对水流紊动强度由最大值减小到最小值的区域影响很大。【结论】刚性沉水植物的存在会改变水流结构,增强紊动掺混,增强流体质点交换和能量传递,且上述影响会随着流量或植物密度的增大而增强。     

徐州某规模猪场防疫措施的建立与实施——“五流”生物安全防控

非洲猪瘟在我国流行已有两年多的时间,尽管很多科研团队都在致力于非洲猪瘟疫苗的研发,但尚未有治疗措施和有效的疫苗来控制该病。因此现阶段“生物安全”是控制非洲猪瘟最为有效,也是唯一的方法。文章总结出目前规模化猪场常见的感染风险有“人员流动、物品流动、车辆流动、水源流动、猪群流动”(即“五流”),并提出严格控制“五流”的生物安全防控措施(即“五流”生物安全防控),以减少外界病原与猪只的接触,稀释病原浓度,降低病原载量,最大程度地降低规模化养猪场感染疾病的风险。为当前规模化猪场建立有效的生物安全措施提供参考。     

改进SSD的灵武长枣图像轻量化目标检测方法

针对加载预训练模型的传统SSD（Single Shot MultiBox Detector）模型不能更改网络结构，设备内存资源有限时便无法使用，该研究提出一种不使用预训练模型也能达到较高检测精度的灵武长枣图像轻量化目标检测方法。首先，建立灵武长枣目标检测数据集。其次，以提出的改进DenseNet网络为主干网络，并将Inception模块替换SSD模型中的前3个额外层，同时结合多级融合结构，得到改进SSD模型。然后，通过对比试验证明改进DenseNet网络和改进SSD模型的有效性。在灵武长枣数据集上的试验结果表明，不加载预训练模型的情况下，改进SSD模型的平均准确率（mAP，mean Average Precision）为96.60%，检测速度为28.05帧/s，参数量为1.99×106，比SSD模型和SSD模型（预训练）的mAP分别高出2.02个百分点和0.05个百分点，网络结构参数量比SSD模型少11.14×106，满足轻量化网络的要求。即使在不加载预训练模型的情况下，改进SSD模型也能够很好地完成灵武长枣图像的目标检测任务，研究结果也可为其他无法加载预训练模型的目标检测任务提供新方法和新思路。     

木醋液对桃蚜生长繁殖的急慢性效应

为了明确木醋液对桃蚜短、长期影响,以桃蚜为试虫,用100倍稀释木醋液处理小白菜饲养蚜虫,测得桃蚜繁殖发育数据。结果显示,木醋液处理显著缩短桃蚜繁殖期,而F₁代繁殖期比F₀代繁殖期延长37%;F₀代和F₁代产蚜总量与对照组相比分别降低62%和66%;处理组F₁代和F₂代的存活率比对照组降低23%和24%,但F₁代和F₂代之间差异不显著;F₁代寿命缩短25%,F₂代差异不显著。本研究证明木醋液能够缩短桃蚜的繁殖期,延长其若蚜历期,整体缩短桃蚜寿命,降低子代存活率。总之,木醋液对桃蚜的生长发育和繁殖具有一定的抑制作用,但是这种抑制作用会随着施用频次增加而逐渐减弱,即木醋液的短期效应和长期效应存在差异,所以木醋液具有开发为生物农药的价值。     

MBBR和LSP工艺在污水深度处理中的性能探究

指出了MBBR工艺和LSP工艺属于当前应用较多的新型水处理工艺。当将传统的好氧曝气池改造为MBBR工艺时,改造结果表明:COD降低30.8%,BOD 5降低42.8%,氨氮降低25.0%,总氮降低17.2%,SS降低57.9%,总磷降低26.7%;而LSP工艺通过形成复杂的微生物食物链,消耗剩余污泥量,实现对污泥的减量化处理。应用到改造工程中,产泥量降低67.5%,同时能够强化处理系统的生化功能,COD和BOD 5都有明显降低,分别降低了11.7%和12.1%。